Start preventing running injuries with this knowledge

She and a group of friends recently drove 9.5 hours in one day from Seattle, Washington to Hungry Horse, Montana. To prep for the long haul, the group did some yoga the evening they arrived in preparation for their biggest hiking day in the morning.

“We woke up the next day, eager to hit the trail. Little did we know, the hike we picked was at the farthest end of the road from where we camped. We drove two hours, enjoying the slow drive and sights along the way. Once we arrived, we were so eager to hit the trail we did not stop and check in with our bodies. We didn’t do any joint mobility work, myofascial release, or muscle activation. We threw our backpacks on and went for it,” she said.

About half a mile into their 16-mile day, Bair noticed her left ankle felt a little stiff. Because they were barely into the hike and had waited so long to get there, she ignored her body and kept moving. At the end of the long hike, her ankle was even more stiff and her lateral knee began to hurt.

“When we were done hiking for the day, I decided to finally address my ankle. I easily got it moving freely, but it was a little too late. My gait was altered to compensate for the knee pain. By the time I got back to Seattle, it hurt just to put a shoe on that side. I took two weeks off and sought professional treatment to reduce symptoms of what eventually became Achilles fat pad irritation, a painful swelling and diminished function of the Achilles tendon.”

In hindsight, her injury could have easily been prevented.

“I should have enjoyed more pain-free hiking on our trip and not needed all the time off. The biggest takeaway from this experience was to slow down and do the little things right. Don’t ignore your body. Stop for a few minutes to address something small and you could save yourself lots of time and pain in the future.”

The most common running injuries

There are a few common running injuries that physios and GPs see in their practices more often than others. Here are the most common running injuries and the best ways for preventing these running injuries.

Runner’s knee

Runner’s knee is by far one of the most common running injuries, sometimes also called patellofemoral syndrome. It refers to pain at the front of your kneecap, or around your knee, and is usually an overuse injury. The pain from this knee injury from running can vary in severity but it usually always gets worse when running, squatting or climbing stairs. To prevent this type of injury, you should incorporate strength exercises into your routine, particularly focused on your quads and core. You should ensure you’re wearing the right shoes for you, with plenty of support, and avoid overtraining. Instead, build up your mileage gradually and sensibly by following a training plan. If you are struggling with a knee injury from running, there are some running shoes that can help with knee pain.

Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common running foot injuries. It’s characterised by pain or irritation in the thick band of tissue (known as fascia) on the bottom of your foot, which is typically more painful first thing in the morning. The fascia acts as a spring when you’re running and increasing your mileage too quickly can put it under too much stress so to prevent this common injury you should, again, ensure you increase mileage slowly. If you have weak or tight calves, you can also develop plantar fasciitis, so make sure you become well acquainted with your foam roller.

IT band syndrome

Your iliotibial band, otherwise known as your IT band, is a long ligament that runs all the way from your hip to your shin along the outside of your leg. One of the most common symptoms of ITB syndrome is pain that’s felt on the outside of your knee, which leads many runners to mistakenly think they have a knee injury. Weak glutes, as well as overtraining, are often the cause of this common running injury. So, to prevent ITB syndrome, be sure to hit the gym and focus on hip thrusters, glute bridges and squats.

Shin splints

If you feel tenderness and pain in your shins after a run, you could be suffering from shin splints. Beginner runners are most susceptible to shin splints, but those returning from injury may also experience them if they’re tempted to amp up the mileage too soon. To prevent shin splints, follow the 10% rule when it comes to increasing your mileage - that is, only increase the distance you run each week by no more than 10%. You might also want to get your gait analysed and if necessary, switch to a support shoe that limits pronation or offers arch support.

The key three things to prevent running injuries

To help runners avoid injury, Bair focuses on three key mechanisms: soft tissue elasticity, joint mobility and muscle activation.

“I like to think that these three things go hand in hand to get the most out of your body and to be a functional runner. Without one, the other two categories don’t work as efficiently. When they do come together in harmony, you are set up to have better injury prevention success on your run.”

Explore Bair’s three focus categories below to understand what you can do to prevent running injuries.

Soft tissue elasticity

When you increase soft tissue elasticity, which is a muscle’s ability to reach its full range of motion without restriction, you can improve muscle flexibility.

We all know that person who can bend over and put their palms on the floor, while others may barely be able to reach past their knees. You might think the answer to this problem is to spend more time stretching. While stretching is one way to increase muscle elasticity, it is not the only solution.

By increasing blood flow to a muscle through self-myofascial release, such as foam rolling, you are able to increase muscle temperature, in turn, increasing tissue elasticity.

Takeaway: To improve soft tissue elasticity, spend a short time foam rolling major muscle groups before a run.

Joint mobility

Joint mobility is the range of movement unrestricted by surrounding ligaments, tendons and muscles that occurs where two bones meet.

Restriction of movement in a joint can cause muscles and other joints to work on overdrive, possibly leading to injury.

We are all built differently, and it is important to remember that one person’s mobility doesn’t have to match yours.

A good way to check your own mobility is to compare one side to the other. For example, if you flex both of your feet towards your body and one comes closer than the other, you might have restriction in that ankle joint.

Takeaway: To improve joint mobility, spend time increasing soft tissue elasticity surrounding a joint, then actively go through the natural movement patterns of that joint. Try ankle pumps, knee drives or leg swings.

Muscle activation

The recruitment of a targeted muscle group to function during motion is called muscle activation.

Running requires lots of different muscles to work together through patterns of shortening and lengthening. If one of these muscles isn’t working in the right pattern, it can cause a rift in the chain, leading to an uneven gait pattern and potentially injury.